Thermo - chemical dynamics and chemical quasi - equilibrium of plasmas in thermal non - equilibrium
نویسندگان
چکیده
Plasmas have a broad field of applications, such as air-breathing hypersonic vehicles (plasma control for scramjet engine), spacecraft atmospheric entries (influence of precursor electrons and prediction of blackout phenomenon), high-enthalpy wind tunnels (plasmatron, arc-jet, and shock tube facilities), lightning phenomena, discharges at atmospheric pressure, laboratory nuclear fusion and astrophysics. Graille et al. (2008, 2009) have derived from kinetic theory a unified fluid model for multicomponent plasmas by accounting for thermal non-equilibrium between the translational energies of the electrons and heavy particles, such as atoms and ions, given their strong mass disparity. The following ionization mechanism, comprising the reactions ṙı, was considered:
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